The total phenolic content (mM ferulic acid equivalent) per 0.7 g of wet samples of ethanolic extract and water extracts of Grewia flava and Grewia bicolor and standards by TPC method. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the extracts are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|DPPH scavenging activity (μM gallic acid equivalent) per 0.7 g of wet samples of ethanolic extract and water extracts of Grewia flava and Grewia bicolor and standards by DPPH method. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the extracts are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytotoxicity induced by H₂O₂ at 1 to 100 mM in confluent HeLa cells was measured by MTT assay. Untreated cells at 100% cell viability were the control. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytotoxicity of Grewia bicolor extracts (water extracts) at 0 to 35 mg/mL in confluent HeLa cells determined by MTT assay. Untreated cells at 100% cell viability were the control. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytotoxicity of Grewia bicolor extracts (ethanol, 60: water, 40 extracts) at 0 to 35 mg/mL in confluent HeLa cells determined by MTT assay. Untreated cells at 100% cell viability were the control. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytotoxicity of Grewia flava extracts (water extracts) at 0 to 35 mg/mL in confluent HeLa cells determined by MTT assay. Untreated cells at 100% cell viability were the control. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytotoxicity of Grewia flava extracts (ethanol, 60: water, 40 extracts) at 0 to 35 mg/mL in confluent HeLa cells determined by MTT assay. Untreated cells at 100% cell viability were the control. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytoprotective activity of Grewia bicolor extracts against H₂O₂ induced oxidation (100 mM) in confluent HeLa cells measured by MTT assay. Negative control were untreated cells at 100% cell viability and positive control was treated cells with 100 mM H₂O₂. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).|@|~(^,^)~|@|Cytoprotective activity of Grewia flava extracts against H₂O₂ induced oxidation (100 mM) in confluent HeLa cells measured by MTT assay. Negative control were untreated cells at 100% cell viability and positive control was treated cells with 100 mM H₂O₂. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Significant differences among the concentrations are indicated by different letters (p < 0.05, Tukey-Kramer’s range test).

J Pharmacopuncture 2021;24:24~31 https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2021.24.1.24